Параметры стартерного разряда АКБ

25.08.2017 58 Comment(s)

Особенно тяжелым режимом работы для автомобильной аккумуляторной аккумуляторной батареи является режим стартерного разряда при пуске мотора при низких температурах. Для контроля технического степени и качества изготавливаемых аккумуляторных батарей применяют постоянный либо прерывистый разряд при непрерывной силе тока и температуре электролита минус 180С. Существует несколько методов определения стартерных свойств свинцовых аккумуляторных батарей, которые регламентированы несколькими эталонами различных стран.

В соединенных штатах Обществом заокеанских инженеров (SАЕ) для оценки характеристик стартерногоразряда автомобильных аккумуляторов используют метод, разрешающую оценить максимальную мощность,которую АКБ способна отдать в режиме,обеспечивающем запуск мотора. Согласно эталону SАЕ J537 разряд проводится при температуре минус 18°С (00F). Но ток разряда выбирается такой, чтобы при разрядке аккумуляторной батареи величина разрядного напряженияна 30-й секунде была не ниже 7,2В.

В российской федерации, как и в странах Европейского экономического сообщества, в текущее время используется цельная методология определения стартерных свойств автомобильных аккумуляторов (ГОСТ 959-2002 и эталон ЕК 50342+А1).При разработке этой методологии была сделана попытка создания способа оценки, дозволяющего сопоставлять технические параметры аккумуляторных батарей, которые испытывались по SАЕ либо по ЕN(ГОСТ) без проведения доп. испытаний либо расчетов.

Совместно с тем методология, примененная в этомстандарте, дает возможность дать свыше полную оценку энергоемкости аккумуляторной батареи при стартерном разрядке в сопоставлении со всеми ранее использовавшимися.

Разряд проводится при температуре минус 18°С в 2 стадии. На первой стадии разряд происходит при токе холодной прокрутки Iхп, указанном изготовителем автомобильных аккумуляторов, в течение 10 сек.. При этом напряжение в конце10-й сек. должно быть нениже 7,5В. После этого разряд прекращают на 10 сек.. После паузы разряд продолжают при токе, равном 0,6 Iхп, до финального напряжения 6,0В. Суммарное время разряда аккумуляторной батареи должно быть не менее 90 либо 150 сек., что оговаривается в технических ситуациях на батарею и зависит от условий применения аккумуляторной батареи на определенном транспортном средстве.

Обыкновенно время разряда 90 сек. принимают для автомобильных аккумуляторов, у которых электричество IEN= IDIN/ 0,51,

а 150 сек. - для аккумуляторных батарей, у которых IEN= IDIN/ 0,6.

Всеобщее время разряда до 6,0В определяется как продолжительность 2-й стадии разряда плюс соответствующая продолжительность первой стадии разряда, как если бы протекал ток 0,6IEN, то есть

t0= t2+11 = t2+ (10/0,6) = t2+ 17,

где t1- время первой стадии разряда (10 сек.);

t2- время 2-й стадии разряда до 6,0В, сек..

При сопоставлении значений разрядного напряжения аккумуляторных батарей при разрядке по SAE и EN (ГОСТ) на 10-й секунде, дозволено утверждать, что токи разряда по SAE и EN фактически идентичны. При этом дозволено также утверждать, что батарея, соответствующая нормам EN, будет соответствовать и нормам SAE по стартерным параметрам. Тем не менее если батарея соответствует нормам SAE, это не обозначает, что она будет соответствовать нормам ЕN, так как в SАЕ отсутствует 2-я стадия разряда до 6,0В.

Первичный подбор свойств АКБ для определенного машины выпускают разработчики пусковой системы мотора авто. При этом расчете принимают за базу разрядные параметры аккумуляторной батареи в прерывистом режиме разряда при исходной степени заряженности 75% и на третьей попытке стартерного пуска. Температурные данные пуска мотора задает разработчик авто. Традиционно для бензиновых моторов на товарных маслах температура пуска принимается равной минус 20°С, а для дизельных движков до минус 17°С. При свыше низких температурах предполагаются особые средства для упрощения пуска (аэрозоль), использование систем для подогрева масла, воздуха, бензина (для дизелей), а также АКБ.

Подводя вывод каждому сказанному, нужно подметить, что при выборе новой аккумуляторной батареи следует рассматривать значение номинальной емкости, величину тока холодной прокрутки, расположение, размеры и форму полюсных итогов, габаритные размеры аккумуляторной батареи и метод ее крепления в гнезде машины. При этом следует понимать, что номинальные показатели АКБ характеризуют потенциал ее вероятностей, а на работоспособность аккумуляторной батареи при эксплуатации, ее безотказность и долговечность решающее могущество оказывают режимы эксплуатации и тех. состояние электрооборудования авто, которое определяет состояние заряженности АКБ в момент пуска. Не нужно забывать, что при эксплуатации показатели работоспособности АКБ потихоньку снижаются по мере её старения.

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